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KMID : 1044720200100020110
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Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
2020 Volume.10 No. 2 p.110 ~ p.115
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Sex Difference in Participation in Muscle-Strengthening Activities
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Nuzzo James L.
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Abstract
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Background: Previous data from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate men are more likely than women to participate in muscle-strengthening activities (e.g., resistance training). However, a recent review by Rhodes et al. concluded there is no reliable sex difference in participation. The purpose of the current paper was to review population-level surveys of participation in muscle-strengthening activities to clarify if a sex difference in participation exists.
Methods: Keyword searches (e.g., “resistance training participation”) were performed in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify papers that surveyed a general adult population (N > 1,000) and reported an outcome of the proportion of the population meeting recommendations for “muscle-strengthening activities” (i.e., ≥ 2 times/wk) or participating in resistance training.
Results: Sixteen studies from 6 countries met the inclusion criteria. Irrespective of the measure of participation, population- levels of participation were typically higher in men than women. More men than women met recommendations for muscle-strengthening activities in England (men: 34%; women: 24%), Finland (men: 18.1%; women: 16.4%), Northern Ireland (men: 25%; women: 14%), Scotland (men: 30%; women: 25%), and the United States (men: 34.8%; women: 25.8%). For Australia, some studies showed no sex difference in participation, whereas other studies showed greater participation among men.
Conclusion: A sex difference exists in participation in muscle-strengthening activities. Low participation rates in both sexes indicate efforts to encourage participation in men and women are warranted. The results also highlight the need for rigorous definitions of “participation,” as the lack of such definitions explains the mixed results reported previously.
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KEYWORD
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Gender, Muscle strength, Physical activity, Resistance training, Sex, Strength training
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